I suspect that a long-term path out of this sort of thing has two key ingredients: 1) The commoditization of foundry technology. 2) The hardware equivalent of

I suspect that a long-term path out of this sort of thing has two key ingredients: 1) The commoditization of foundry technology. 2) The hardware equivalent of the reproducible build. The first is necessary for nation-states to feel comfortable building and maintaining national-security infrastructure. The second is necessary for the rest of us. If we are able to purchase an open-hardware CPU and verify its integrity through hardware/metrology checksums in addition to a software checksum, society will have made a step forward. The hardware checksums might be expressed through moire-patterning visible in x-rays, for example. The CPUs on which such technology might be developed need not be fancy - if a proof-of-concept works on cheap chips, the extension to the high end is apt to be feasible.