> the argument would be that you don't bear the cost for that for most queries Your INSERT becomes even more expensive because you have 2 update 2 indexes, and

> the argument would be that you don't bear the cost for that for most queries Your INSERT becomes even more expensive because you have 2 update 2 indexes, and your lookup doesn't change. I get the benefit if you use the id as a FK or if the database must have data on disk in PK order like MySQL or MSSQL (?). On PostgreSQL if you just insert & read on that key only it seems objectively worse.