Alas! In theory, the R01 is supposed to be enough to perform all of the proposed research. In practice, however, there's a lot of subsidization from other sour

Alas! In theory, the R01 is supposed to be enough to perform all of the proposed research. In practice, however, there's a lot of subsidization from other sources: one RA is on work-study, maybe another one working for course credit (only), and some of the grad students and postdocs have individual fellowships. This really sucks: it makes it very hard to hire/keep experienced people who aren't bringing in their own money and there are fewer and fewer opportunities for those people (a lot of fellowships now cut off at <5 years post-PhD). In the grand scheme of things, this churn can't actually be that cost-efficient and if I ran the NIH, this is one of the first things I would change: you'd get better research while taking some of the strain off the job market.