What also happens in healthcare is the manufacturer raises prices to account for margins of/lost to the GPOs. Individual buyers become required to buy through G

What also happens in healthcare is the manufacturer raises prices to account for margins of/lost to the GPOs. Individual buyers become required to buy through GPO as the price differences are stark. As GPO gains negotiating power, they want to keep more spread for themselves. Manufacturers adjust. The cycle continues, all the while the ecosystem becomes more expensive since you inserted yet another middle man.