Dunning-Kruger doesn't imply arrogance, just a mistaken level of confidence in one's own abilities, based on a failure to appreciate the magnitude of one's inco

Dunning-Kruger doesn't imply arrogance, just a mistaken level of confidence in one's own abilities, based on a failure to appreciate the magnitude of one's incompetence. Consider a person who plays, for example, a multiplayer game against the same three real life friends on a LAN, and concludes from his performance -- domination of his friends -- that he is an astounding player. Given his knowledge about the game and the skill of other players, it makes sense for him to make this conclusion. However, were he to play online, he would realize that his skills are paltry compared to the those of the best online gamers. Here, Dunning-Kruger is manifested in this gamer's overconfidence based on lack of knowledge, and lack of meta-knowledge (he doesn't know the importance of what he doesn't know). It's based on a genuine mistake in his assessment of his skills, not necessarily arrogance.