As the article describes, the 'artificial' ceiling is the standard quantity known in statistics as the 'upper fence': https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlier#Tuk

As the article describes, the 'artificial' ceiling is the standard quantity known in statistics as the 'upper fence': https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlier#Tukey's_fences https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlier#Tukey's_fences I agree that it would be nice to have a scaled version of the top few counties - maybe an area-corrected inset of the most populous counties over the Pacific, Atlantic, Gulf, or Lake Michigan. Would Cook county fit in the lake, or would it need to overlay Canada? It's half the population of the state of Michigan... Regardless, hoping this gets updated for 2020.