I would put the estimate of "server lying on the ground" at more like tens of billions of dollars. Here's how I back in my math: 1. AWS is a $44 billion run-r

I would put the estimate of "server lying on the ground" at more like tens of billions of dollars. Here's how I back in my math: 1. AWS is a $44 billion run-rate business. 2. This estimate from the Duckbill group has EC2 at 60% of the AWS bills of "large accounts". https://www.duckbillgroup.com/products/public-cloud-analysis/ https://www.duckbillgroup.com/products/public-cloud-analysis... 3. I used to work in EC2 Networking and looked at the graphs with the server counts for all of EC2 on a weekly basis, so I can't say the actual numbers here, but I have a very good idea how big the EC2 fleet is. 4. 60% of 44 billion gives us an estimate of 26 billion run rate for just EC2. 5. In my time at Amazon where I was on multiple teams that ran large fleets (thousands of machines), and I heard about utilization numbers for services like Lambda and Fargate, 50% utilization would be a very, very good number for VMs in the cloud. 6. 50% of 26 billion is over 10 billion per year of wasted server capacity (that people are paying AWS for) So yeah, tens of billions of dollars of AWS and the other cloud providers revenue are likely "waste" from the POV of customers.