The comment is not referring to whether they are associated, but by how much, i.e., effect size. These type of studies aren’t very useful anyway because nutrit

The comment is not referring to whether they are associated, but by how much, i.e., effect size. These type of studies aren’t very useful anyway because nutrition is super complex and full of interacting variables. It’s much more likely that the causality is actually between a number of other underlying factors that are correlated with higher saturated fat intake.