Exactly. Maybe I wasn't clear in my comment above. My point is that most resources on intermittent fasting allow (and actually encourage) drinking a lot of wate

Exactly. Maybe I wasn't clear in my comment above. My point is that most resources on intermittent fasting allow (and actually encourage) drinking a lot of water, and rightfully so. At the same time a lot of the research is done on subjects who observe Ramadan fasting and do not drink water. This difference has to influence the results in some way.