Here is the reference for the most recent work (2019) of note in this domain. Ulf Adams extended his 2018 Ryū algorithm to implement Ryū printf which is 4x fast

Here is the reference for the most recent work (2019) of note in this domain. Ulf Adams extended his 2018 Ryū algorithm to implement Ryū printf which is 4x faster than the best other implementation tested on Linux, Mac and Windows. https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3360595 https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3360595