This is false. 1. Universities can and regularly do file patents, including public unis and including research funded with federal grants. See the Bayh-Dole Ac

This is false. 1. Universities can and regularly do file patents, including public unis and including research funded with federal grants. See the Bayh-Dole Act. 2. Researchers can and often do choose not to publish research or research output (eg code) that might be commercially valuable. 3. Even the papers, including open access ones that can download and read for free, are almost never public domain.