I think you can go with your gut and learn Rust, because even if you discover that's a mistake and you need to switch to C or C++, there's probably going to be

I think you can go with your gut and learn Rust, because even if you discover that's a mistake and you need to switch to C or C++, there's probably going to be more transference than you think. Switching isn't free, but the knowledge gained on the "wrong" path will be valuable on its own, so it's not that big a deal. Similarly, if you decide to go with C++ now, it's not a commitment if you later read about an awesome Rust DSP library or something. It only becomes a commitment once you start writing real, production code in it. It is also perfectly sensible to just set aside a week's spare time for each language and give them a try. You'll learn more real stuff from that than any amount of questions asked online about which is better.