Oslo has been actively limiting the expansion of the city into its surrounding green areas since 1934: https://oslobyleksikon.no/index.php/Markagrensen https://

Oslo has been actively limiting the expansion of the city into its surrounding green areas since 1934: https://oslobyleksikon.no/index.php/Markagrensen https://oslobyleksikon.no/index.php/Markagrensen (link in Norwegian, translated: https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&nv=1&pto=aue&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=auto&sp=nmt4&tl=en&u=https://oslobyleksikon.no/index.php/Markagrensen https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&...) Markagrensen, "the forest border", was originally just a line denoting the areas that were so elevated that drinking water could not be transported there, but was quickly "hijacked" by organisations for friluftsliv as a sacred limit on the city's expansion. Markagrensen is upheld by a actual law today. If you look up a map of Oslo, look at (1) the large green areas around the city and (2) the apartment buildings and houses built only meters from the border. That's the effect of putting a seemingly generous limit on growth 100 years ago. Some people in the green movement uphold Markagrensen as a victory for the environment. I disagree: It pushes people to live in houses in the suburbs instead of in a densely populated city. It is a victory for friluftsliv.