I can only speak for C. With that being said, having a standardized build system would be nice, but it wouldn't solve the underlying problem here which is that

I can only speak for C. With that being said, having a standardized build system would be nice, but it wouldn't solve the underlying problem here which is that portability is often not regarded as important enough to merit thinking about and designing for at the start of a project. The consequence of this is that it creates a system in which C programmers have very little trust in one another's code. I write a lot of C for ARM and I am often hesitant to use libraries that I can't inspect in a reasonable amount of time because I have been burned by e.g. liberal use of type punning which results in bus conflicts as it's idiomatic and works just fine on x86, but is ultimately undefined behavior in most circumstances. (Rant: Just use memcpy, please! Argh!)