That has actually not been fully adjudicated by the courts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdick_v._United_States https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdick_v._Uni

That has actually not been fully adjudicated by the courts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdick_v._United_States https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burdick_v._United_States > After President Gerald Ford left the White House in 1977, intimates said that the President privately justified his pardon of Richard Nixon by carrying in his wallet a portion of the text of the Burdick decision that suggested that a pardon carries an imputation of guilt and that acceptance carries a confession of guilt. Legal scholars have questioned whether that portion of Burdick is meaningful or merely dicta.