Major lines like the one between Beijing and Shanghai are profitable and publicly-traded, therefore doesn't require government subsidy. Of course, Beijing-Shan

Major lines like the one between Beijing and Shanghai are profitable and publicly-traded, therefore doesn't require government subsidy. Of course, Beijing-Shanghai line is the first and only to go public, just at the beginning of 2020, and we can get their financial numnbers easily. Many other lines are not necesarrily profitable, but few of them require government subsidy besides the initial capital investment, that is their income is more than the operational cost.