18 ms·

I find this weirdly amazing, as to this day I was reading some medical news and documentaries where it was said that entire human bodies were sliced by millimet

I find this weirdly amazing, as to this day I was reading some medical news and documentaries where it was said that entire human bodies were sliced by millimetre slices. So, somehow I always imagined that each part of body and tissue is 100% known and that only left is to find out what are inner workings on the nano-meter scale, deep molecular levels or genetic level. But in 2018 there was a similar news about Interstitium: https://www.livescience.com/62128-interstitium-organ.html https://www.livescience.com/62128-interstitium-organ.html In 2017 there was mesentery: https://www.livescience.com/57370-mesentery-new-organ-identified.html https://www.livescience.com/57370-mesentery-new-organ-identi... Now we have this. So, reading this left me with one though "hidden in plain sight" and wondering what else is there.

justinclift 6y ago
There's also this: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-researchers-uncover-drain-pipes-our-brains https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-researcher...
rbanffy 6y ago
That we still find new structures within our own bodies should be deeply troubling to anyone in the medical sciences. I for one would be deeply ashamed if I suddenly found that bytes had a ninth bit we never suspected was there in the first place.
- sneak 6y ago
  It’s deeply troubling to me not in the medical sciences. We know so startlingly little about how our own machines work in many ways.
- Joker_vD 6y ago
  Have you heard of ECC memory?
- 52-6F-62 6y ago
  Yeah... and hearing some of those being related to the gut. I’ve been diagnosed with a condition this year without real, solid evidence for cause. Seeing some of the brightest doctors try and write off health matters to alcoholism in non-alcoholics was concerning. After even cursory, high-level reading of what those terms mean elf me to believe it’s the favoured diagnosis when they’re unsure of the diagnosis and hesitate at all costs to give the label “idiopathic” if possible because then it really means “we don’t know”. It’s not reassuring.
  - zdragnar 6y ago
    There are a number of "bucket" diagnoses that you can get thrown into once other things are ruled out, because there simply is no way to test to confirm that is what they are. Most mental illnesses, but also physical ones like fibromyalgia and psoriatic arthritis have no definitive test.
    - 52-6F-62 6y ago
      The concerning factor for me re: alcoholic diagnosis is that there is typically a baseline for minimum consumption that has been tested and "proven". And that even said baseline isn't necessarily adhered to, and that bucket is used in preference over more accurate, but less resolute, buckets (like idiopathy).
      - hilbert42 6y ago
        I've been reasonably critical of medicos and medical science in posts to this article, but in all fairness I think this sort of thing happens in almost all professions. Everything from time constraints to lack of knowledge to incompetence and or a combination of these is often found in most walks of life. With medicine, we've a terribly complicated field, and like any profession, there is a range of competencies. I recall decades ago knowing a state director of health (the state's top doctor) and he said to me 'if you ever get really sick come to me and I'll put you in contact with the best advice available, as there are too many in this profession that I wouldn't give you a quarter for'. As I said, this is a problem with all professions, finding the best advice available, can, at times, be a daunting experience.
- throwanem 6y ago
  Bytes aren't real. Bodies are, and also have people living in them a lot of the time. It shouldn't come as a surprise or a concern, I think, that the imaginary and trivially simple thing is much easier to comprehend than the category of real and vastly complex things. (Anyway, some obsolete architectures actually did use nine-bit bytes.)
  - intrasight 6y ago
    >Bytes aren't real Following that reasoning, the mind isn't real either.
    - throwanem 6y ago
      Yours, maybe. Mine definitely isn't. Why would I want it to be?
- et2o 6y ago
  Give me a break
- oblio 6y ago
  Our field is vastly simpler than medicine. We're working on the edge of theory and practice is much, much, much messier. Cut it out with the arrogance. http://johnsalvatier.org/blog/2017/reality-has-a-surprising-amount-of-detail http://johnsalvatier.org/blog/2017/reality-has-a-surprising-...
  - boringg 6y ago
    Agreed. Though, to be fair, I have met my share of arrogant medical practitioners.
    - nvrspyx 6y ago
      I'm sure, but in the case of medical practitioners, that arrogance may be borne by confidence rather than ignorance. You certainly need to be confident in your abilities if you're going to take the responsibility of someone's health in your hands.
      - boringg 6y ago
        I don't disagree that they need to be confident in dealing with people's health. In the end arrogance born from confidence is still arrogance and I would argue (understandably unsubstantiated and difficult to quantify) that it is pervasive in the medical community.
      - deleted 6y ago
        [deleted]
  - achillesheels 6y ago
    Frankly speaking, how could you judge? I am coming from a biomedical engineering advanced education from a top 10 institution, mind you. And I can tell you the lack of mathematical completeness in medicine is very alarming. It is too pharmacologically driven without a fundamental appreciation of the electrical sciences being applied, well, anywhere in their disciplines.
    - 6y ago
- snowwrestler 6y ago
  Of course it would be embarrassing to discover a ninth bit; humans invented, created, and placed the other 8 bits, along with the entire computing infrastructure around them. Humans did not invent the human body, so it's not embarrassing to discover something new--it's exciting. That's the whole point of science. Medical researchers certainly know that they still have a ton to learn about the human body.
  - hilbert42 6y ago
    The point is that these days we're supposedly past finding 'large' physical chunks of the body—given a century's worth of diagnostics, x-rays, MRIs, etc.—and onto much more complicated matters such as how proteins are synthesized in human cells and how gut bacteria affects mental function and the like. This one is a bit like not realizing the wheels are missing off your car. Right, it ought to have been damn obvious ages ago.
    - rbanffy 6y ago
      It's more like suddenly realizing there is a spare tire under the carpet in the trunk. Or that 5 is indeed divisible by 2, even though everyone said it wasn't and doctors never bothered to check.
  - rbanffy 6y ago
    > humans invented, created, and placed the other 8 bits, Humans did, but not you or me. What if they lied to us? What if we believed in those lies and never checked? ;-)
- enriquto 6y ago
  > I for one would be deeply ashamed if I suddenly found that bytes had a ninth bit we never suspected was there in the first place. If anything, this shows that biology and medicine are incomprehensibly more complex than computer science, and that their practitioners are true hackers!
- musingsole 6y ago
  Particularly in 2's complement :P
- grishka 6y ago
  The thing with bytes, and everything else pertaining to computing, is that it's wholly invented by humans, so of course it's possible to obtain a complete enough mental image of things like CPUs given enough documentation. Human body, on the other hand, is literally alien technology because humans themselves didn't take any part in engineering it.
  - achillesheels 6y ago
    Actually, you’d be surprised how plausible it is to diagram the human electrophysiology using electromechanical circuit analogs. Everything in the body signals electrically, and biological matter being piezoelectric has been known (probably not popularly) since the late 60’s. Indeed, I am finishing up my dissertation applying electrical engineering theory to model cellular evolutionary biology predicated on digital signal processing theory to demonstrate natural selection progressively evolves adaptations with faster sampling rates of environmental radiation for greatest BIBO system stability.
    - grishka 6y ago
      It's not that. Yes it's all electrical and chemical and electrochemical and so on. The problem is not with finding a good visual/logical representation. You usually don't see connections between different things when you aren't actively looking for them, or when you haven't seen/thought those things to be related in the past. Since CPUs were designed by humans, your logical reasoning would usually work well when reverse engineering one, especially if you know the general ideas of how integrated circuits are constructed and what functional blocks a CPU is made of. Nature, on the other hand, has no logic. Your reasoning doesn't work with natural phenomena, and that's exactly what we're seeing in areas where experimentation and direct observation is hard, infeasible, or impossible.
      - achillesheels 6y ago
        As a matter of fact, Nature does have logic. It’s motion is principally geometrical and affords us the ability to recursively structure electrical signals harmonically, eg feedback amplification. Feedback circuits are vital to biological systems and prove my point.
- starkd 6y ago
  Nobody really knows how computers work.
  - rbanffy 6y ago
    That's more true than false.
- valenciarose 6y ago
  You assume all bytes are eight bits, but that hasn’t always been the case. Machines with variable byte sizes were relatively common in the 70s and early 80s. This is why so many RFCs use the word octet instead of byte.
  - bzbarsky 6y ago
    Even now there are hardware architectures with non-8-bit bytes, typically DSPs.
  - hilbert42 6y ago
    Yeah, and I also remember when real parity checking was replaced with a special pseudo parity-pretend chip on many SIM modules. It was so designed to especially fool motherboards into thinking that parity was actually enabled and working when it was not. Yes, even the memory business had its sleazy carpetbaggers.
  - rbanffy 6y ago
    I remember that. A 36 bit computer makes no sense until you realize people used octal a lot back then. And grouped switches in 3's instead of 4's.
- jlg23 6y ago
  > I for one would be deeply ashamed if I suddenly found that bytes had a ninth bit we never suspected was there in the first place. http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_by_by.htm http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_by_b...
  - rbanffy 6y ago
    It HAD to be Lisp... :-)
- bgribble 6y ago
  Funny you pick that as an example! I do seem to recall a very large cohort of programmers (LOCALE=en_us) finding themselves dumped through a rabbithole of wonder which turned the black-and-white scenery of the Land of ASCII to the kaliedoscopic technicolor of Unicode. We did, in fact, discover that there were extra bits on those characters that we had been pretending weren't there all along :)
  - rbanffy 6y ago
    And don't get me started about the concept of first and last names outside the US...
- JabavuAdams 6y ago
  There's something to the parent comment, even though it's getting downvoted to oblivion. I'm a computer engineer turned biophysicist, so I've hit up against the "holy shit biology is so much more complicated than I could have imagined" realization. That said, should medical researchers be looking at their processes, incentives, etc. to figure out why such things have been missed, and how to find more "low-hanging fruit"
  - rbanffy 6y ago
    > even though it's getting downvoted to oblivion. This is why I invest to earn karma. So it can burn. > how to find more "low-hanging fruit" That we still have low hanging fruit (or fruit hiding behind our noses) after so many years of study is a bit concerning. It's like discovering you can turn the lamp to remove it from the socket instead of keeping your hand still and hiring two people to rotate the ladder.
- LocalH 6y ago
  Why would it be troubling that there is more to learn? There is always more to learn. If you were under the misconception that we knew everything about the human body, then I’m glad you’re now enlightened
  - rbanffy 6y ago
    It's troubling to discover something that's been there for thousands of years, right behind our noses. Haven't we sliced a couple humans to sub-millimetric resolution?
  - dumbfoundded 6y ago
    It's about expectations. We obviously will never know everything about anything. Some things seem easier to discover than others. This seems like something easy to discover that has long since gone undiscovered.
    - hilbert42 6y ago
      In this case it's a little like finding someone's house in a town you've never been in before. You expect the town's map to be accurate and to have all relevant streets listed - not having some of them missing. This report suggests that we do have 'streets' missing. Researchers are now delving into finely nuanced areas of research at a level the equivalent of the house before the preliminaries are resolved - before all streets are found. Bypassing prerequisites always has serious consequences, things go wrong, errors occur, time is wasted, work is duplicated by others, etc. Even patients may die. I'd suggest that no one yet knows how this will impact research that's already been completed and which now has to be reinvestigated.
simonh 6y ago
We know there's stuff there, but we don't necessarily know what all of it does. In this case the tissue in question was probably thought to be part of a known larger structure, but now it turns out it has a distinct function. Slices aren't going to tell you that.
- wadkar 6y ago
  To phrase it another way: form is different than function
- Balgair 6y ago
  On top of that, not every one has the same tissues in the same places, or the same tissues at all. Most famous is the palmaris longus muscle in the arm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmaris_longus_muscle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmaris_longus_muscle ~14% of humans lack this muscle. Other deviations range from colorblindness all the way to lack of a cerebellum entirely. Humans are quite variable, even when healthy.
  - andrewflnr 6y ago
    TIL I'm missing a muscle.
    - tlavoie 6y ago
      Me too. Though I wasn't missing it as such, until now.
  - deleted 6y ago
    [deleted]
wombatmobile 6y ago
Still easy to miss if you don't know what you're looking for, which, by definition, we didn't, because in attentional terms, What You Know Is All There Is. The Visible Human Project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPPjUtiAGYs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPPjUtiAGYs
techsin101 6y ago
https://www.livescience.com/37348-new-layer-discovered-in-human-eye.html https://www.livescience.com/37348-new-layer-discovered-in-hu... new eye layer
techsin101 6y ago
lymphatic system connected to brain https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150601122445.htm https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150601122445.h...
teawrecks 6y ago
Well I guess you could say the Neuralinks that Musk implanted in everyone are hidden in plain sight. We're just programmed to not notice them ;)
tuatoru 6y ago
From Wikipedia: "The total fluid volume of the interstitium during health is about 20% of body weight". Wow. How could we possibly have missed this? Medical researchers must tend non-quantitative.
- Arnavion 6y ago
  Putting aside your insult to medical researchers, it's not that they couldn't account for 20% of body weight. They knew there was fluid around cells, but the tissue sampling method would not preserve it so they couldn't inspect it. With the new sampling method they could see the structure, and realized these are more like connected spaces filled with fluid rather than small individual pockets. >Although researchers already knew that there is fluid between individual cells, the idea of a larger, connected interstitium — in which there are fluid-filled spaces within tissues — had been described only vaguely in the literature, Theise said. The new study, he said, expands the concept of the interstitium by showing these structured, fluid-filled spaces within tissues, and is the first to define the interstitium as an organ in and of itself.
julianlam 6y ago
(2013) https://www.livescience.com/40981-new-ligament-found-in-human-knee.html https://www.livescience.com/40981-new-ligament-found-in-huma... A new ligament discovered next to the ACL

justinclift 6y ago

There's also this: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-researchers-uncover-drain-pipes-our-brains https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-researcher...

rbanffy 6y ago

That we still find new structures within our own bodies should be deeply troubling to anyone in the medical sciences. I for one would be deeply ashamed if I suddenly found that bytes had a ninth bit we never suspected was there in the first place.

sneak 6y ago
It’s deeply troubling to me not in the medical sciences. We know so startlingly little about how our own machines work in many ways.
Joker_vD 6y ago
Have you heard of ECC memory?
52-6F-62 6y ago
Yeah... and hearing some of those being related to the gut. I’ve been diagnosed with a condition this year without real, solid evidence for cause. Seeing some of the brightest doctors try and write off health matters to alcoholism in non-alcoholics was concerning. After even cursory, high-level reading of what those terms mean elf me to believe it’s the favoured diagnosis when they’re unsure of the diagnosis and hesitate at all costs to give the label “idiopathic” if possible because then it really means “we don’t know”. It’s not reassuring.
- zdragnar 6y ago
  There are a number of "bucket" diagnoses that you can get thrown into once other things are ruled out, because there simply is no way to test to confirm that is what they are. Most mental illnesses, but also physical ones like fibromyalgia and psoriatic arthritis have no definitive test.
  - 52-6F-62 6y ago
    The concerning factor for me re: alcoholic diagnosis is that there is typically a baseline for minimum consumption that has been tested and "proven". And that even said baseline isn't necessarily adhered to, and that bucket is used in preference over more accurate, but less resolute, buckets (like idiopathy).
    - hilbert42 6y ago
      I've been reasonably critical of medicos and medical science in posts to this article, but in all fairness I think this sort of thing happens in almost all professions. Everything from time constraints to lack of knowledge to incompetence and or a combination of these is often found in most walks of life. With medicine, we've a terribly complicated field, and like any profession, there is a range of competencies. I recall decades ago knowing a state director of health (the state's top doctor) and he said to me 'if you ever get really sick come to me and I'll put you in contact with the best advice available, as there are too many in this profession that I wouldn't give you a quarter for'. As I said, this is a problem with all professions, finding the best advice available, can, at times, be a daunting experience.
throwanem 6y ago
Bytes aren't real. Bodies are, and also have people living in them a lot of the time. It shouldn't come as a surprise or a concern, I think, that the imaginary and trivially simple thing is much easier to comprehend than the category of real and vastly complex things. (Anyway, some obsolete architectures actually did use nine-bit bytes.)
- intrasight 6y ago
  >Bytes aren't real Following that reasoning, the mind isn't real either.
  - throwanem 6y ago
    Yours, maybe. Mine definitely isn't. Why would I want it to be?
et2o 6y ago
Give me a break
oblio 6y ago
Our field is vastly simpler than medicine. We're working on the edge of theory and practice is much, much, much messier. Cut it out with the arrogance. http://johnsalvatier.org/blog/2017/reality-has-a-surprising-amount-of-detail http://johnsalvatier.org/blog/2017/reality-has-a-surprising-...
- boringg 6y ago
  Agreed. Though, to be fair, I have met my share of arrogant medical practitioners.
  - nvrspyx 6y ago
    I'm sure, but in the case of medical practitioners, that arrogance may be borne by confidence rather than ignorance. You certainly need to be confident in your abilities if you're going to take the responsibility of someone's health in your hands.
    - boringg 6y ago
      I don't disagree that they need to be confident in dealing with people's health. In the end arrogance born from confidence is still arrogance and I would argue (understandably unsubstantiated and difficult to quantify) that it is pervasive in the medical community.
    - deleted 6y ago
      [deleted]
- achillesheels 6y ago
  Frankly speaking, how could you judge? I am coming from a biomedical engineering advanced education from a top 10 institution, mind you. And I can tell you the lack of mathematical completeness in medicine is very alarming. It is too pharmacologically driven without a fundamental appreciation of the electrical sciences being applied, well, anywhere in their disciplines.
  - 6y ago
snowwrestler 6y ago
Of course it would be embarrassing to discover a ninth bit; humans invented, created, and placed the other 8 bits, along with the entire computing infrastructure around them. Humans did not invent the human body, so it's not embarrassing to discover something new--it's exciting. That's the whole point of science. Medical researchers certainly know that they still have a ton to learn about the human body.
- hilbert42 6y ago
  The point is that these days we're supposedly past finding 'large' physical chunks of the body—given a century's worth of diagnostics, x-rays, MRIs, etc.—and onto much more complicated matters such as how proteins are synthesized in human cells and how gut bacteria affects mental function and the like. This one is a bit like not realizing the wheels are missing off your car. Right, it ought to have been damn obvious ages ago.
  - rbanffy 6y ago
    It's more like suddenly realizing there is a spare tire under the carpet in the trunk. Or that 5 is indeed divisible by 2, even though everyone said it wasn't and doctors never bothered to check.
- rbanffy 6y ago
  > humans invented, created, and placed the other 8 bits, Humans did, but not you or me. What if they lied to us? What if we believed in those lies and never checked? ;-)
enriquto 6y ago
> I for one would be deeply ashamed if I suddenly found that bytes had a ninth bit we never suspected was there in the first place. If anything, this shows that biology and medicine are incomprehensibly more complex than computer science, and that their practitioners are true hackers!
musingsole 6y ago
Particularly in 2's complement :P
grishka 6y ago
The thing with bytes, and everything else pertaining to computing, is that it's wholly invented by humans, so of course it's possible to obtain a complete enough mental image of things like CPUs given enough documentation. Human body, on the other hand, is literally alien technology because humans themselves didn't take any part in engineering it.
- achillesheels 6y ago
  Actually, you’d be surprised how plausible it is to diagram the human electrophysiology using electromechanical circuit analogs. Everything in the body signals electrically, and biological matter being piezoelectric has been known (probably not popularly) since the late 60’s. Indeed, I am finishing up my dissertation applying electrical engineering theory to model cellular evolutionary biology predicated on digital signal processing theory to demonstrate natural selection progressively evolves adaptations with faster sampling rates of environmental radiation for greatest BIBO system stability.
  - grishka 6y ago
    It's not that. Yes it's all electrical and chemical and electrochemical and so on. The problem is not with finding a good visual/logical representation. You usually don't see connections between different things when you aren't actively looking for them, or when you haven't seen/thought those things to be related in the past. Since CPUs were designed by humans, your logical reasoning would usually work well when reverse engineering one, especially if you know the general ideas of how integrated circuits are constructed and what functional blocks a CPU is made of. Nature, on the other hand, has no logic. Your reasoning doesn't work with natural phenomena, and that's exactly what we're seeing in areas where experimentation and direct observation is hard, infeasible, or impossible.
    - achillesheels 6y ago
      As a matter of fact, Nature does have logic. It’s motion is principally geometrical and affords us the ability to recursively structure electrical signals harmonically, eg feedback amplification. Feedback circuits are vital to biological systems and prove my point.
starkd 6y ago
Nobody really knows how computers work.
- rbanffy 6y ago
  That's more true than false.
valenciarose 6y ago
You assume all bytes are eight bits, but that hasn’t always been the case. Machines with variable byte sizes were relatively common in the 70s and early 80s. This is why so many RFCs use the word octet instead of byte.
- bzbarsky 6y ago
  Even now there are hardware architectures with non-8-bit bytes, typically DSPs.
- hilbert42 6y ago
  Yeah, and I also remember when real parity checking was replaced with a special pseudo parity-pretend chip on many SIM modules. It was so designed to especially fool motherboards into thinking that parity was actually enabled and working when it was not. Yes, even the memory business had its sleazy carpetbaggers.
- rbanffy 6y ago
  I remember that. A 36 bit computer makes no sense until you realize people used octal a lot back then. And grouped switches in 3's instead of 4's.
jlg23 6y ago
> I for one would be deeply ashamed if I suddenly found that bytes had a ninth bit we never suspected was there in the first place. http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_by_by.htm http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/f_by_b...
- rbanffy 6y ago
  It HAD to be Lisp... :-)
bgribble 6y ago
Funny you pick that as an example! I do seem to recall a very large cohort of programmers (LOCALE=en_us) finding themselves dumped through a rabbithole of wonder which turned the black-and-white scenery of the Land of ASCII to the kaliedoscopic technicolor of Unicode. We did, in fact, discover that there were extra bits on those characters that we had been pretending weren't there all along :)
- rbanffy 6y ago
  And don't get me started about the concept of first and last names outside the US...
JabavuAdams 6y ago
There's something to the parent comment, even though it's getting downvoted to oblivion. I'm a computer engineer turned biophysicist, so I've hit up against the "holy shit biology is so much more complicated than I could have imagined" realization. That said, should medical researchers be looking at their processes, incentives, etc. to figure out why such things have been missed, and how to find more "low-hanging fruit"
- rbanffy 6y ago
  > even though it's getting downvoted to oblivion. This is why I invest to earn karma. So it can burn. > how to find more "low-hanging fruit" That we still have low hanging fruit (or fruit hiding behind our noses) after so many years of study is a bit concerning. It's like discovering you can turn the lamp to remove it from the socket instead of keeping your hand still and hiring two people to rotate the ladder.
LocalH 6y ago
Why would it be troubling that there is more to learn? There is always more to learn. If you were under the misconception that we knew everything about the human body, then I’m glad you’re now enlightened
- rbanffy 6y ago
  It's troubling to discover something that's been there for thousands of years, right behind our noses. Haven't we sliced a couple humans to sub-millimetric resolution?
- dumbfoundded 6y ago
  It's about expectations. We obviously will never know everything about anything. Some things seem easier to discover than others. This seems like something easy to discover that has long since gone undiscovered.
  - hilbert42 6y ago
    In this case it's a little like finding someone's house in a town you've never been in before. You expect the town's map to be accurate and to have all relevant streets listed - not having some of them missing. This report suggests that we do have 'streets' missing. Researchers are now delving into finely nuanced areas of research at a level the equivalent of the house before the preliminaries are resolved - before all streets are found. Bypassing prerequisites always has serious consequences, things go wrong, errors occur, time is wasted, work is duplicated by others, etc. Even patients may die. I'd suggest that no one yet knows how this will impact research that's already been completed and which now has to be reinvestigated.

simonh 6y ago

We know there's stuff there, but we don't necessarily know what all of it does. In this case the tissue in question was probably thought to be part of a known larger structure, but now it turns out it has a distinct function. Slices aren't going to tell you that.

wadkar 6y ago
To phrase it another way: form is different than function
Balgair 6y ago
On top of that, not every one has the same tissues in the same places, or the same tissues at all. Most famous is the palmaris longus muscle in the arm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmaris_longus_muscle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmaris_longus_muscle ~14% of humans lack this muscle. Other deviations range from colorblindness all the way to lack of a cerebellum entirely. Humans are quite variable, even when healthy.
- andrewflnr 6y ago
  TIL I'm missing a muscle.
  - tlavoie 6y ago
    Me too. Though I wasn't missing it as such, until now.
- deleted 6y ago
  [deleted]

wombatmobile 6y ago

Still easy to miss if you don't know what you're looking for, which, by definition, we didn't, because in attentional terms, What You Know Is All There Is. The Visible Human Project https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPPjUtiAGYs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPPjUtiAGYs

techsin101 6y ago

https://www.livescience.com/37348-new-layer-discovered-in-human-eye.html https://www.livescience.com/37348-new-layer-discovered-in-hu... new eye layer

techsin101 6y ago

lymphatic system connected to brain https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150601122445.htm https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150601122445.h...

teawrecks 6y ago

Well I guess you could say the Neuralinks that Musk implanted in everyone are hidden in plain sight. We're just programmed to not notice them ;)

tuatoru 6y ago

From Wikipedia: "The total fluid volume of the interstitium during health is about 20% of body weight". Wow. How could we possibly have missed this? Medical researchers must tend non-quantitative.

Arnavion 6y ago
Putting aside your insult to medical researchers, it's not that they couldn't account for 20% of body weight. They knew there was fluid around cells, but the tissue sampling method would not preserve it so they couldn't inspect it. With the new sampling method they could see the structure, and realized these are more like connected spaces filled with fluid rather than small individual pockets. >Although researchers already knew that there is fluid between individual cells, the idea of a larger, connected interstitium — in which there are fluid-filled spaces within tissues — had been described only vaguely in the literature, Theise said. The new study, he said, expands the concept of the interstitium by showing these structured, fluid-filled spaces within tissues, and is the first to define the interstitium as an organ in and of itself.

julianlam 6y ago

(2013) https://www.livescience.com/40981-new-ligament-found-in-human-knee.html https://www.livescience.com/40981-new-ligament-found-in-huma... A new ligament discovered next to the ACL