Yes, and another interesting benchmark could involve "how much energy and time to compile (or start up) equivalent programs written in different languages?" Bas

Yes, and another interesting benchmark could involve "how much energy and time to compile (or start up) equivalent programs written in different languages?" Based upon its design philosophy (fast compilation) I would expect D to rank quite well. OTOH there could be a Jenkins paradox where faster compilation results in more compiler consumption (e.g., iterative development). As you say (and I see a comment above addressing this) what are we optimizing for?