For higher-level systems programming (ie not bare metal) I think the approach taken by the Rust language is interesting. Mutable data structures are thread-loca

For higher-level systems programming (ie not bare metal) I think the approach taken by the Rust language is interesting. Mutable data structures are thread-local and are GCed (GC happens independently per thread). Immutable data structures can be passed between threads, are reference counted and support RAII. https://github.com/graydon/rust/wiki/Language-FAQ https://github.com/graydon/rust/wiki/Language-FAQ