They're further blurring the line we've created between hardware and software. The hardware captures energy and sends out a signal which can be interpreted by a

They're further blurring the line we've created between hardware and software. The hardware captures energy and sends out a signal which can be interpreted by a computer. A key principle these groups leverage is backscatter (mentioned in the article). You send on a specific carrier wave frequency. The receiving device downshifts the frequency, storing the difference in frequency as energy. That harvested energy is used for computation, and a response is "reflected" back on a lower-frequency carrier wave frequency. SATURN [1] is one of the best examples of how "ubiquitous computing" may create new paradigms in computing though clever hardware engineering. [1] https://www.sigmobile.org/grav/research-highlight/saturn https://www.sigmobile.org/grav/research-highlight/saturn