The "stateful agents" is what OOP is all about. The objects are interpreters. I referenced a discussion elsewhere in this thread between Alan Kay and Rich Hicke

The "stateful agents" is what OOP is all about. The objects are interpreters. I referenced a discussion elsewhere in this thread between Alan Kay and Rich Hickey where Kay talks about the value of interpreters. Rich Hickey talks about data/values coming from a seismometer or an IoT device but what he misses there I think is that it's not all just "data". There are also stateful agents. The seismometer (or the earthquake) is a stateful agent and the data is messages that are sent by it. If we had to model a seismometer or iot device (e.g. a smoke alarm) it would be best to do so using an object that encapsulates it's state and manages itself. It only communicates to the outside world with messages/data (in this case a sound when the temperature exceeds some internal state). I can replace my smoke alarm with another and I don't need to understand anything about its internal data or how it interprets it. But for dealing with the historical data from an IoT device it may make sense to use a data oriented/functional approach. That time series data is not stateful, it's an immutable history of something stateful. Functions/transformations work best there usually.