Those aren't too hard to comprehend. The one that gets me in Philippines is the idiomatic usage "until now." Example phrase "The bus didn't arrive until now."

Those aren't too hard to comprehend. The one that gets me in Philippines is the idiomatic usage "until now." Example phrase "The bus didn't arrive until now." "Standard" English: The bus arrived as I was speaking PH English: The bus has not arrived yet I believe this is a literal translation from Filipino "hanggang ngayon" where "ngayon" does double duty as both "now" and "currently / presently".