I think one misconception is the range. I think that the range is dependent on the situation both immediate and long term. The immediate situation’s range is mo

I think one misconception is the range. I think that the range is dependent on the situation both immediate and long term. The immediate situation’s range is more bounded. The bottom of the range can veer into the negative and the top can go way beyond 10x. It’s more a phase change at that point. Example of >> 10x phase change: Jeff Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat with MapReduce and BigTable. For the negative, I think we all have seen the programmer who is useless and that actually requires other people to replace their work.