9 ms·

Chitin could be used to build tools and habitats on Mars, study finds

26 points by Hooke 6y ago

imglorp 6y ago
Keratin is another interesting biological: think turtle shells, animal nails and horns, etc. Very tough and flexible in thin sheets. It's a protein so perhaps there's a mechanical process to mass produce it.
robocat 6y ago
I love the caption on the robotic arm: “addictive manufacturing setup”! From article: [Chitin is] the primary component of fish scales and fungal cell walls, for example, as well as the exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects. In fact, insects have already been targeted as a key source of protein for a possible Martian base. And since the chitin component of insects has limited nutritional value for humans, extracting it to make building materials "does not hamper or compete with the food supply," the authors wrote. Another relevant paper “Chitin from the Mollusc Chiton: Extraction, Characterization and Chitosan Preparation”: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423262/
simon_000666 6y ago
So wait, are they suggesting that they make the chitin here on earth and ship it off to the moon/mars? Or are they suggesting that they ship insects & food to the moon and mars and create the chitin there?
- ed 6y ago
  The latter. You bring the bugs and seeds and Mars provides the sunlight and water. Here's the paper: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0238606 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
  - dogma1138 6y ago
    Based on Red Planet it might not end up well.
sgeller 6y ago
Didn't the Falmer (Skyrim) live in chitin huts and use chitin tools
- milquetoastaf 6y ago
  The Ashlander Tribes of Northern Vvardenfell in Morrowind traditionally used chitin as armor and weaponry, possibly harvested from silt strider carcasses Sources: https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Morrowind:Chitin https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Morrowind:Chitin https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Lore:Ashlanders https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Lore:Ashlanders https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Morrowind:Silt_Strider https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Morrowind:Silt_Strider
amagumori 6y ago
H.R. Giger is up in heaven fist pumping
dogma1138 6y ago
Any reason why they suggest to use/send bugs? Chitin is also present in Fungi, seems like a much better source of that especially if we can engineer Fungi to over-express Chitin.
- jacobr1 6y ago
  The article suggested the reason was the use of insects as a food source. Though, thinking about it fungi is a good food source too, and perhaps there is no reason to choose between them.
  - dogma1138 6y ago
    Fungi seems to be easier to grow, has other uses as biomass and quite likely much easier to genetically engineer than insects. Also more energy efficient since it’s only one tier, and quite likely less likely to get out of control and are more stable due to how they reproduce.
    - senkora 6y ago
      It would still be two tiers, since fungi need an energy source to decompose. Still probably more efficient since fungi don’t move.
      - dogma1138 6y ago
        The energy source doesn’t have to be sugars, lipids and proteins tho it can survive on ammonia and acetate, and you can literally just feed it astronaut shit and it would love it. Fungi seems to solve a lot of issues, energy efficient as it not dependent on light, can survive and thrive in much harsher conditions than most plants, reproduces very quickly a good source of protein and fatty acids and can be used to process unwanted biomass / organics. Yeast seems to be a very good source of both food, and construction material (you can make plastic out of it and quite a bit of other stuff fairly easily) it can also be used as a bio-reactor by default it makes ethanol and CO2 as the main byproducts but I’m guessing with some clever engineering those can be adjusted to make many other compounds that might be useful. With the looming mars and moon space missions if I were a biologist looking for a startup designer yeast would definitely be it.

26 points by Hooke 6y ago

Keratin is another interesting biological: think turtle shells, animal nails and horns, etc. Very tough and flexible in thin sheets. It's a protein so perhaps there's a mechanical process to mass produce it.

robocat 6y ago

I love the caption on the robotic arm: “addictive manufacturing setup”! From article: [Chitin is] the primary component of fish scales and fungal cell walls, for example, as well as the exoskeletons of crustaceans and insects. In fact, insects have already been targeted as a key source of protein for a possible Martian base. And since the chitin component of insects has limited nutritional value for humans, extracting it to make building materials "does not hamper or compete with the food supply," the authors wrote. Another relevant paper “Chitin from the Mollusc Chiton: Extraction, Characterization and Chitosan Preparation”: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423262/

simon_000666 6y ago

So wait, are they suggesting that they make the chitin here on earth and ship it off to the moon/mars? Or are they suggesting that they ship insects & food to the moon and mars and create the chitin there?

ed 6y ago
The latter. You bring the bugs and seeds and Mars provides the sunlight and water. Here's the paper: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0238606 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
- dogma1138 6y ago
  Based on Red Planet it might not end up well.

sgeller 6y ago

Didn't the Falmer (Skyrim) live in chitin huts and use chitin tools

milquetoastaf 6y ago
The Ashlander Tribes of Northern Vvardenfell in Morrowind traditionally used chitin as armor and weaponry, possibly harvested from silt strider carcasses Sources: https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Morrowind:Chitin https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Morrowind:Chitin https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Lore:Ashlanders https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Lore:Ashlanders https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Morrowind:Silt_Strider https://en.uesp.net/wiki/Morrowind:Silt_Strider

amagumori 6y ago

H.R. Giger is up in heaven fist pumping

dogma1138 6y ago

Any reason why they suggest to use/send bugs? Chitin is also present in Fungi, seems like a much better source of that especially if we can engineer Fungi to over-express Chitin.

jacobr1 6y ago
The article suggested the reason was the use of insects as a food source. Though, thinking about it fungi is a good food source too, and perhaps there is no reason to choose between them.
- dogma1138 6y ago
  Fungi seems to be easier to grow, has other uses as biomass and quite likely much easier to genetically engineer than insects. Also more energy efficient since it’s only one tier, and quite likely less likely to get out of control and are more stable due to how they reproduce.
  - senkora 6y ago
    It would still be two tiers, since fungi need an energy source to decompose. Still probably more efficient since fungi don’t move.
    - dogma1138 6y ago
      The energy source doesn’t have to be sugars, lipids and proteins tho it can survive on ammonia and acetate, and you can literally just feed it astronaut shit and it would love it. Fungi seems to solve a lot of issues, energy efficient as it not dependent on light, can survive and thrive in much harsher conditions than most plants, reproduces very quickly a good source of protein and fatty acids and can be used to process unwanted biomass / organics. Yeast seems to be a very good source of both food, and construction material (you can make plastic out of it and quite a bit of other stuff fairly easily) it can also be used as a bio-reactor by default it makes ethanol and CO2 as the main byproducts but I’m guessing with some clever engineering those can be adjusted to make many other compounds that might be useful. With the looming mars and moon space missions if I were a biologist looking for a startup designer yeast would definitely be it.