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The real killer is beef. Simply replacing beef with almost anything else will have huge impacts (see page by FAO). If elimination is too much of an effort to ma

by ArnoVW 6y ago

The real killer is beef. Simply replacing beef with almost anything else will have huge impacts (see page by FAO). If elimination is too much of an effort to make for our kids, doing it n% of the time will still bring n% improvements. I might add that the generation of my parents (born in the 40's) ate meat once or twice a week, at least during the 40's and 50's, and they turned out fine. http://www.fao.org/gleam/results/en/ http://www.fao.org/gleam/results/en/

fetbaffe 6y ago
Nutritional and greenhouse gas impacts of removing animals from US agriculture https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5715743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5715743/ In the simulated system with no animals, estimated agricultural GHG decreased (28%), but did not fully counterbalance the animal contribution of GHG (49% in this model). This assessment suggests that removing animals from US agriculture would reduce agricultural GHG emissions, but would also create a food supply incapable of supporting the US population’s nutritional requirements. Assuming agricultural emissions account for 9% of total US emissions (47), and assuming that emission estimates here are representative of national emissions, eliminating animal agriculture would decrease total US emissions by an estimated 2.6 percentage units.
fetbaffe 6y ago
The thing is that soil used for grazing cattle can’t be used for planting vegetables efficiently. There is a reason why we have different farming, because of different soil quality. So the effect would be to reduce the area of where we can produce food. And if you would remove cattle you no longer have natural fertilizer. Mineral fertilizer has a big environmental impact on ground water.
- MaxBarraclough 6y ago
  > The thing is that soil used for grazing cattle can’t be used for planting vegetables efficiently. This is true, but it's not how modern meat is produced. A lot of high-quality land is used to produce meat that could be used to produce vegan food, no?
  - fetbaffe 6y ago
    I wouldn't be surprised, but do you have any statistics?
    - 3131s 6y ago
      What you are missing is that a lot of land is used to grow feed for animals too. Grazing systems supply about 9 percent of the world's production of beef, the rest are crop fed in addition!
      - fetbaffe 6y ago
        See my reply https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24517049 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24517049
- TeMPOraL 6y ago
  (This may be a good place for me to clear some misconceptions I have about farming; treat this comment as an application of Cunningham's Law.) > The thing is that soil used for grazing cattle can’t be used for planting vegetables efficiently. Not planting vegetables efficiently != not planting them at all, right? Could the lower yield on such fields still come ahead of lower energy efficiency of meat (in terms of energy expended per calorie of final human food produced)? > So the effect would be to reduce the area of where we can produce food. Surely we can grow something human-edible there. Or could perhaps this land become earmarked for construction, while equivalent amount of very fertile land could be switched from construction to farming? AFAIK there's plenty of settlements built on land that would be better used for farming. > And if you would remove cattle you no longer have natural fertilizer. Is industrialized agriculture even using natural fertilizer? I was under impression modern fertilizers are made in chemical plants and their production doesn't involve animal excrement.
  - fetbaffe 6y ago
    If it is not efficient it will cost more than it yields, a loss. According to FAO 70% of worlds land surface is not suitable for planting crops. Cattle can transform grass, that we can't eat, to protein that we need. It is actually a good thing, especially if you can't grow anything there. In Sweden we have something called ecological farming, it is certification, to be approved for ecological farming you can't use mineral fertilizers anywhere in your food production. Ecological products are usually somewhat more expensive in the store. Now there are of course lots of farms that is not classified as ecological and they can use mineral fertilizers or natural fertilizers. About a third of all fertilizers for farming used in Sweden is natural.
    - TeMPOraL 6y ago
      Thank you for the answers! > If it is not efficient it will cost more than it yields, a loss. I was thinking about less efficient, but still profitable. I presume it's not a binary, and farms aren't operating barely above EROI of 1. > According to FAO 70% of worlds land surface is not suitable for planting crops. That's... super surprising to me. I would have expected something closer to 50-40%. Perhaps it hinges on the definition of "suitability"? I'll look into those stats. > About a third of all fertilizers for farming used in Sweden is natural. That's also surprising to me. Is this number so large because there are so many ecological farms in Sweden, or natural fertilizer is just so popular?
- Agathos 6y ago
  You really think your restaurant and supermarket beef is coming from grazing? Those cattle live in dense feedlots, where they are fed corn and soy.
  - fetbaffe 6y ago
    Where I live (Sweden), yes actually, but I do understand that US are somewhat crazy. Isn't corn production massively subsidized in the US? So it becomes cheaper to feed cattle with corn instead of grazing. Madness. That type of meat production is not something I support.
    - Agathos 6y ago
      Did some googling. The US is the #2 beef exporter, and Sweden is not in the top 15. Admittedly that doesn't necessarily tell me about domestic consumption. http://www.worldstopexports.com/top-beef-exporting-countries/ http://www.worldstopexports.com/top-beef-exporting-countries... Interestingly, the #1 exporter, Australia, has historically used a mix of grazing and feed grains. But they're expecting to grow more feed grains because grazing suffers during droughts, which are increasingly common. Apparently those grains are wheat and barley; corn is definitely an American obsession. I assume that will be grown on land that could otherwise be used to grow food for humans. https://www.beefcentral.com/lotfeeding/grain-sector-faces-new-opportunities-challenges-on-the-way-to-2030/ https://www.beefcentral.com/lotfeeding/grain-sector-faces-ne...

by ArnoVW 6y ago

fetbaffe 6y ago

Nutritional and greenhouse gas impacts of removing animals from US agriculture https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5715743/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5715743/ In the simulated system with no animals, estimated agricultural GHG decreased (28%), but did not fully counterbalance the animal contribution of GHG (49% in this model). This assessment suggests that removing animals from US agriculture would reduce agricultural GHG emissions, but would also create a food supply incapable of supporting the US population’s nutritional requirements. Assuming agricultural emissions account for 9% of total US emissions (47), and assuming that emission estimates here are representative of national emissions, eliminating animal agriculture would decrease total US emissions by an estimated 2.6 percentage units.

fetbaffe 6y ago

The thing is that soil used for grazing cattle can’t be used for planting vegetables efficiently. There is a reason why we have different farming, because of different soil quality. So the effect would be to reduce the area of where we can produce food. And if you would remove cattle you no longer have natural fertilizer. Mineral fertilizer has a big environmental impact on ground water.

MaxBarraclough 6y ago
> The thing is that soil used for grazing cattle can’t be used for planting vegetables efficiently. This is true, but it's not how modern meat is produced. A lot of high-quality land is used to produce meat that could be used to produce vegan food, no?
- fetbaffe 6y ago
  I wouldn't be surprised, but do you have any statistics?
  - 3131s 6y ago
    What you are missing is that a lot of land is used to grow feed for animals too. Grazing systems supply about 9 percent of the world's production of beef, the rest are crop fed in addition!
    - fetbaffe 6y ago
      See my reply https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24517049 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24517049
TeMPOraL 6y ago
(This may be a good place for me to clear some misconceptions I have about farming; treat this comment as an application of Cunningham's Law.) > The thing is that soil used for grazing cattle can’t be used for planting vegetables efficiently. Not planting vegetables efficiently != not planting them at all, right? Could the lower yield on such fields still come ahead of lower energy efficiency of meat (in terms of energy expended per calorie of final human food produced)? > So the effect would be to reduce the area of where we can produce food. Surely we can grow something human-edible there. Or could perhaps this land become earmarked for construction, while equivalent amount of very fertile land could be switched from construction to farming? AFAIK there's plenty of settlements built on land that would be better used for farming. > And if you would remove cattle you no longer have natural fertilizer. Is industrialized agriculture even using natural fertilizer? I was under impression modern fertilizers are made in chemical plants and their production doesn't involve animal excrement.
- fetbaffe 6y ago
  If it is not efficient it will cost more than it yields, a loss. According to FAO 70% of worlds land surface is not suitable for planting crops. Cattle can transform grass, that we can't eat, to protein that we need. It is actually a good thing, especially if you can't grow anything there. In Sweden we have something called ecological farming, it is certification, to be approved for ecological farming you can't use mineral fertilizers anywhere in your food production. Ecological products are usually somewhat more expensive in the store. Now there are of course lots of farms that is not classified as ecological and they can use mineral fertilizers or natural fertilizers. About a third of all fertilizers for farming used in Sweden is natural.
  - TeMPOraL 6y ago
    Thank you for the answers! > If it is not efficient it will cost more than it yields, a loss. I was thinking about less efficient, but still profitable. I presume it's not a binary, and farms aren't operating barely above EROI of 1. > According to FAO 70% of worlds land surface is not suitable for planting crops. That's... super surprising to me. I would have expected something closer to 50-40%. Perhaps it hinges on the definition of "suitability"? I'll look into those stats. > About a third of all fertilizers for farming used in Sweden is natural. That's also surprising to me. Is this number so large because there are so many ecological farms in Sweden, or natural fertilizer is just so popular?
Agathos 6y ago
You really think your restaurant and supermarket beef is coming from grazing? Those cattle live in dense feedlots, where they are fed corn and soy.
- fetbaffe 6y ago
  Where I live (Sweden), yes actually, but I do understand that US are somewhat crazy. Isn't corn production massively subsidized in the US? So it becomes cheaper to feed cattle with corn instead of grazing. Madness. That type of meat production is not something I support.
  - Agathos 6y ago
    Did some googling. The US is the #2 beef exporter, and Sweden is not in the top 15. Admittedly that doesn't necessarily tell me about domestic consumption. http://www.worldstopexports.com/top-beef-exporting-countries/ http://www.worldstopexports.com/top-beef-exporting-countries... Interestingly, the #1 exporter, Australia, has historically used a mix of grazing and feed grains. But they're expecting to grow more feed grains because grazing suffers during droughts, which are increasingly common. Apparently those grains are wheat and barley; corn is definitely an American obsession. I assume that will be grown on land that could otherwise be used to grow food for humans. https://www.beefcentral.com/lotfeeding/grain-sector-faces-new-opportunities-challenges-on-the-way-to-2030/ https://www.beefcentral.com/lotfeeding/grain-sector-faces-ne...