in addition to V-2's point about castling, there are some other rules in chess that depend on the previous state of the board: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th

in addition to V-2's point about castling, there are some other rules in chess that depend on the previous state of the board: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threefold_repetition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threefold_repetition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fivefold_repetition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fivefold_repetition https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifty-move_rule https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifty-move_rule I guess you could argue these are league rules and not part of the fundamental game of chess.