No language has ever had total domination. Maybe C and C++ in the 1980's came the closest, but they brought Awk and the shell with them. There are always tasks

No language has ever had total domination. Maybe C and C++ in the 1980's came the closest, but they brought Awk and the shell with them. There are always tasks for which a different language gets the job done faster, or more simply, or is subjectively prettier.