> However when people refer to Windows or macOS as OS, they also include the whole collection of standard software as part of the OS. Control panels, browsers,

> However when people refer to Windows or macOS as OS, they also include the whole collection of standard software as part of the OS. Control panels, browsers, GUI frameworks, etc I'd add hardware drivers to that list too. Many are of course written by 3rd parties, but to the average consumer they are "part of the OS".