All large systems of systems have "duct tape", I'd go as far as to say it's an emergent property of systems of systems. It comes about because unless you desig

All large systems of systems have "duct tape", I'd go as far as to say it's an emergent property of systems of systems. It comes about because unless you design every sub-component system in lockstep with every other (which is impossible, the romans didn't lay out londons for cars, the victorians didn't put in sewers with respect to where we'd want to run fiber) you end up with an impedance mismatch at the boundaries. It's why back-hoe operators from a gas network rip up fiber depressingly often, why (in the UK) the UK transport system has choke points between road, rail and air and on and on. Modern computers aren't a unified system, they are lots of seperate systems that talk to each other and frankly having some (minimal understanding) of what has to happen for Gnome to appear on my screen when I press my power button I'm amazed that it ever works never mind mostly without fuss.