Absolutely all true, these notions actually share the same model: centrally controlled, no control at terminal / no open access for new entrants, consumption de

Absolutely all true, these notions actually share the same model: centrally controlled, no control at terminal / no open access for new entrants, consumption devices are locked to consume only, hard to “become center” or provider, etc. The networking model was a logical consequence (and practical implementation) of the the centrally controlled walled garden you describe. Many hackers were trying to escape it by becoming their own providers and also connecting with other international x25 servers and foreign hackers. For example, Assange was actually from these times. Nevertheless, it did generate much more revenue than what they initially envisioned.