The problem is correlations. The flu naturally varies in severity by region, age, time, etc. Even the studies you linked, anything prior to 2010 is suspect by

The problem is correlations. The flu naturally varies in severity by region, age, time, etc. Even the studies you linked, anything prior to 2010 is suspect by participant counts being way too low. More recent studies appear better, BUT we don’t have anything prior to when vaccines started to compare. I’m not saying the evidence isn’t there, I am arguing it’s circumstantial - aka not definitive how much it helps. Flu itself varies in severity widely. I’m honestly convinced the entire flu vaccine program / push is to keep the industry active. This is similar to the DOD spending money on new weapons they don’t need to keep manufacturing going