In other countries it is very often done by doctors. Denmark has recently had a big "scandal" because doctors used "codes" in the patients journal when the pat

In other countries it is very often done by doctors. Denmark has recently had a big "scandal" because doctors used "codes" in the patients journal when the patient should not receive emergency care if they had e.g. a heart attack while at the hospital. They doctors added this code when such care would kill the patient anyway because the patient was too weak to survive such intensive treatment. In the end, the "super secret code" was just the phone number of the intensive care unit, with a minus sign in front of it, meaning "don't call the unit if this patient has a heart attack".