5 ms·

Read it but it left me curious how it may affect intersex people like XXY and found a better article [0]. So tldr, apparently number of X chromosomes affects cy

Read it but it left me curious how it may affect intersex people like XXY and found a better article [0]. So tldr, apparently number of X chromosomes affects cytokine production. "The lower secretion of inflammatory cytokines in women may protect them from an uncontrolled and potentially life-threatening immune response in cases of severe aggression such as sepsis, trauma or extensive burns throughout life." [0]: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01052/full https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.0105...

connicpu 6y ago
It seems much more likely that the direct controller is sex hormone levels, not chromosomes. Though chromosomes may affect what levels of sex hormones your body produces naturally, hormones are what actually control dimorphism in the immune system[0] [0]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251360/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251360/
- sascha_sl 6y ago
  Quite an important distinction for trans and lots of intersex people (particularly those with receptor insensitivities), though I have not seen anything conclusive supporting one or the other, and usually the research into what is considered edge cases is unfortunately very limited :/
- dogma1138 6y ago
  Wouldn’t that make young males more susceptible if testosterone induces a more severe immune response?
- belorn 6y ago
  Higher innate immune cytokines in female patients was associated with worse disease progression, but not in male patients. This seem to indicate that the level of sex hormones for men is less relevant for cytokines, or at least those involved with covid-19 immune response.
- zkms 6y ago
  There's some research showing that estrogen/androgen receptor signalling plays a part in sex-differential disease severity in SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Incidentally, i love how some suggested pharmacotherapeutic agents include, like, nonsteroidal antiandrogens, GnRHa's, straight-up estradiol, and, of all things, spironolactone. https://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/10/6/779 https://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/10/6/779 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5450662/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5450662/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233687/ https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajplung.00153.2020 https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajplung.001... https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.21.20179671v1 https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.21.20179671v... https://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/198/10/4046.full.pdf https://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/198/10/4046.full.p... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7191632/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7191632/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7363620/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7363620/ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11906-020-01073-x https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11906-020-01073-x
  - connicpu 6y ago
    Haha yeah Spironolactone is certainly a weird one. I don't quite understand how it suppresses testosterone myself, all I know is it made me and everyone I know who takes it crave all the salt in the world and have to pee 2x as much. (Taking it to suppress testosterone of course, I don't know anyone actually taking it to reduce their covid risk)

connicpu 6y ago

It seems much more likely that the direct controller is sex hormone levels, not chromosomes. Though chromosomes may affect what levels of sex hormones your body produces naturally, hormones are what actually control dimorphism in the immune system[0] [0]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251360/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4251360/

sascha_sl 6y ago
Quite an important distinction for trans and lots of intersex people (particularly those with receptor insensitivities), though I have not seen anything conclusive supporting one or the other, and usually the research into what is considered edge cases is unfortunately very limited :/
dogma1138 6y ago
Wouldn’t that make young males more susceptible if testosterone induces a more severe immune response?
belorn 6y ago
Higher innate immune cytokines in female patients was associated with worse disease progression, but not in male patients. This seem to indicate that the level of sex hormones for men is less relevant for cytokines, or at least those involved with covid-19 immune response.
zkms 6y ago
There's some research showing that estrogen/androgen receptor signalling plays a part in sex-differential disease severity in SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Incidentally, i love how some suggested pharmacotherapeutic agents include, like, nonsteroidal antiandrogens, GnRHa's, straight-up estradiol, and, of all things, spironolactone. https://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/10/6/779 https://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/10/6/779 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5450662/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5450662/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233687/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233687/ https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajplung.00153.2020 https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajplung.001... https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.21.20179671v1 https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.21.20179671v... https://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/198/10/4046.full.pdf https://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/198/10/4046.full.p... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7191632/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7191632/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7363620/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7363620/ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11906-020-01073-x https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11906-020-01073-x
- connicpu 6y ago
  Haha yeah Spironolactone is certainly a weird one. I don't quite understand how it suppresses testosterone myself, all I know is it made me and everyone I know who takes it crave all the salt in the world and have to pee 2x as much. (Taking it to suppress testosterone of course, I don't know anyone actually taking it to reduce their covid risk)