> Learning languages is big investment, and having dozens of languages around is not productive, human languages are consolidating over a few, English is by far

> Learning languages is big investment, and having dozens of languages around is not productive, human languages are consolidating over a few, English is by far the business language of the world Human languages are easier to aggregate, I think due to context. As long as you can get somewhat close, most people will generally be able to follow along. Programming languages generally lack that context (or more likely, intentionally ignore it to prevent unpredictable behavior). Just as an example I could say something grammatically horrible like "Julia, he went to the store." It's got gender-mismatched pronouns, and it's a weird fragment. You probably know what I mean, though. On the other hand, a computer has no idea what to do with this: ``` she = new Julia() he.went_to_store() ``` Is `he` a mistype of `she`? Did I forget to instantiate `he`? On the topic of the "best" programming language, I don't think it exists. There are likely always going to be particular paradigms that are better suited to tackling certain problems. If you look at typing, in particular, that varies both by problem space and person in my opinion. Some people appreciate the nudges typing gives them; other people seem to have no trouble holding type info in their head (I am not one of them). Typing also becomes less valuable the less well-defined your types become. As a rough example, something like MongoDB probably benefits from typing less than other applications because so much of the data lacks a predefined schema. At least so far, there also seems to be a trade off between development velocity and runtime speed. Most of the languages that are fast to write are slow to run. That I think will be eventually surmountable, though.