This depends on the semantics of the word "same". With modern technology, let's say you have a car with a higher trim package, and for a simplified example, le

This depends on the semantics of the word "same". With modern technology, let's say you have a car with a higher trim package, and for a simplified example, let's say the upgrade is the radio. A manufacturer can and will make a new plastic trim piece with different buttons, but install the exact same radio behind it in all cars. The difference will be in a software or firmware switch that makes the radio behave differently. To the customer, it seems like a different product, but to someone who understands how it's done, who is selling it, it's not really. I think people find it useful to classify this as price discrimination. This is an example that comes to mind, by the way, because I once bought a (base model) car that used exactly this method, only the switch was misconfigured so the buttons acted like the expensive trim.