I've definitely had moments where I threw together a pile of crap just to get a working product, and then went back later and used better naming, method extract

I've definitely had moments where I threw together a pile of crap just to get a working product, and then went back later and used better naming, method extraction, more elegant error-checking, comments, sometimes a more obvious way of manipulating data, etc. No unit testing involved. Doesn't it still qualify as refactoring?