The paper Microbiome-derived inosine modulates response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy [1]: > We found that intestinal B. pseudolongum modulated enhance

The paper Microbiome-derived inosine modulates response to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy [1]: > We found that intestinal B. pseudolongum modulated enhanced immunotherapy response through production of the metabolite inosine. Decreased gut barrier function induced by immunotherapy increased systemic translocation of inosine and activated anti-tumor T cells. The effect of inosine was dependent on T cell expression of the adenosine A2A receptor and required co-stimulation. Collectively, our study identifies a novel microbial metabolite-immune pathway that is activated by immunotherapy that may be exploited to develop microbial-based adjuvant therapies. [1] https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/08/12/science.abc3421 https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/08/12/scie...