In the broadcasting case, obviously broadcasting/distribution was involved, which is not the case here. Do you have any examples where someone making a private

In the broadcasting case, obviously broadcasting/distribution was involved, which is not the case here. Do you have any examples where someone making a private modification to a copyrighted work without distribution was legally liable for it after it was discovered? The AGPL attempts to control any changes made to the code, not just, say, a substantial refactoring or reworking. So in principle a one-line patch is sufficient to trigger AGPL clause 13.