Lots of neural-network approaches for this which work quite well but are also likely to learn priors from the data which can introduce tricky issues for police

Lots of neural-network approaches for this which work quite well but are also likely to learn priors from the data which can introduce tricky issues for police work. There are however approaches which aren't based on machine learning at all, for example https://www.di.ens.fr/~mallat/papiers/whitepaper.pdf https://www.di.ens.fr/~mallat/papiers/whitepaper.pdf