I tried to cover that in the catchall "[...] or which otherwise examine [...] their instruction bytes at runtime". > Technically speaking, you can't apply any

I tried to cover that in the catchall "[...] or which otherwise examine [...] their instruction bytes at runtime". > Technically speaking, you can't apply any transformation to arbitrary binaries Well in some cases it may be possible to prove that a binary doesn't do anything weird (given the entry point which is usually fixed by convention, e.g., _start), although that is undecidable in general.