"In Scotland the accusations of unfairness prompted a switch to using teachers' predicted grades. These predictions were collected in England too - but were dis

"In Scotland the accusations of unfairness prompted a switch to using teachers' predicted grades. These predictions were collected in England too - but were discounted as being the deciding factor, because they were so generous that it would have meant a huge increase in top grades, up to 38%. There were also doubts about the consistency and fairness of predictions and whether the cautious and realistic could have lost out to the ambitiously optimistic." As always, the question when using an algorithm or test is, 'compared to what?'