As another commenter pointed out, the victim is the public's trust in the financial market. With transactions between private entities, information asymmetry is

As another commenter pointed out, the victim is the public's trust in the financial market. With transactions between private entities, information asymmetry is a normal part of life. But if you want to be able to sell your shares on a public market, the public first needs to trust that you won't screw them over. That trust is a public good worthy of government protection, just like we have government agencies to protecting clean air and fair elections.