That's an overly pedantic reading of the Linux manpage, IMHO. Even then, a) any of those error conditions may be extended to cover NFS failure; b) EINVAL's desc

That's an overly pedantic reading of the Linux manpage, IMHO. Even then, a) any of those error conditions may be extended to cover NFS failure; b) EINVAL's description already says "fd is attached to an object which is unsuitable for writing" — who says that such unsuitability is an immutable property? After all, writing into read-only fds is EBADF, and c) a new error code could be invented, if one is so inclined. But then again, POSIX merely states that while EIO shall be returned if "a physical I/O error has occurred", it "may also be returned under implementation-defined conditions". Heck, if you squint at the right angle, even ENXIO could be somewhat appropriate. I don't think that extending the meaning of EIO is worse than making unkillable zombie processes, to be fair.