While these are not exclusive, personally I'd look instead into studying my system's reliability in a way that is independent of a cloud provider, or even of pe

While these are not exclusive, personally I'd look instead into studying my system's reliability in a way that is independent of a cloud provider, or even of performing any side-effectful testing at all. There's extensive research and works on all things resilience. One could say: if one build a system that is proven to be theoretically resilient, that model should extrapolate to real-world resilience. This approach is probably intimately related with pure-functional programming, which I feel has been not explored enough in this area.