> access to shared variables leads to race conditions ... Race conditions are a type of programmer error, not an invariable consequence of shared state. You se

> access to shared variables leads to race conditions ... Race conditions are a type of programmer error, not an invariable consequence of shared state. You seem to be implying that high concurrency increases the risk of race conditions, which it doesn't. A race condition is either present or it isn't. A correctly written application that uses threads isn't inherently less reliable than a single-threaded application, it is just harder to write.