You're referencing joint-venture requirements. They've been phased out in most industries over the past three decades, and they're not as onerous as you're depi

You're referencing joint-venture requirements. They've been phased out in most industries over the past three decades, and they're not as onerous as you're depicting them. Plenty of Western manufacturers did fine over decades with junior partners. VW never lost its technological edge to a Chinese competitor, despite being in a joint venture since 1984.