Only a casual acquaintance with parasitic plants, but the paper says > All species of Langsdorffia are highly modified parasites comprising just a series of tu

Only a casual acquaintance with parasitic plants, but the paper says > All species of Langsdorffia are highly modified parasites comprising just a series of tubers and inflorescences, and lack an ordinary stem structure and all trace of functional apical meristems. The Balanophoraceae more broadly feature a particularly complicated host-parasite vascular interface, in which the parasitic tuber appears to engulf the host plant's roots the vascular tissues of which infiltrate the parasite tissue extensively. Interestingly, all Balanophoraceae appear to lack stomata entirely, which is highly unusual in the plant kingdom beyond submerged aquatics. Additionally, they can parasitize a wide range of hosts. Most parasites are very host specific. Another interesting genus along similar lines is Pholisma, which is also not present in conservation collections and native to a very threatened environment.