A better, more satisfying explanation for Simpson's Paradox comes from Pearl et al.'s work in modern causation theory, in which they point out that the paradox

A better, more satisfying explanation for Simpson's Paradox comes from Pearl et al.'s work in modern causation theory, in which they point out that the paradox exists only because we fail to consider the causal structure that generated the apparently paradoxical data. If we take that structure into account and are clear about the causal question we are trying to answer, the paradox disappears. For a recent example involving COVID-19, check out this blog post: http://causality.cs.ucla.edu/blog/index.php/2020/07/06/race-covid-mortality-and-simpsons-paradox-by-dana-mackenzie/ http://causality.cs.ucla.edu/blog/index.php/2020/07/06/race-...