OP's context went back thousands of years, so maybe I'd be more accurate to say sectarian violence and tribalism? Either way, maybe there's a hint in your comme

OP's context went back thousands of years, so maybe I'd be more accurate to say sectarian violence and tribalism? Either way, maybe there's a hint in your comment. Finding ways to add sharp external costs to all parties involved? Whether Israel's state sanctioned abuse of Palestinians, Hamas or any other faction's violence, and likely also costs to neighboring countries who continue to have motivations other than seeking resolution. Do methods to add costs/pressures like that exist?