> Do IBANs allow debit without reliable authorization? I would say yes. However, unauthorized debit will be returned for max. 13 months. So the risks for the v

> Do IBANs allow debit without reliable authorization? I would say yes. However, unauthorized debit will be returned for max. 13 months. So the risks for the victim account are small. The risk for the bank could be higher. However, that is mitigated by the fact that it is no longer easy to open bank accounts. Clear documentation is needed (a big problem even for completely legal immigrants, because when you are new in a country you don't have a lot of documentation). Additionally initiating direct debit bookings is not a standard service. I'd guess only accounts with a good track record will get it. Typical risk management for a bank. It's the same as they don't lend money to everyone who might ask.